Podcast RP Convida: Como o pediatra pode promover o aleitamento materno cumprindo a NBCAL

Episódio especial em alusão ao Agosto Dourado, aborda o tema “Como o pediatra pode promover o aleitamento materno cumprindo a NBCAL”. Programa da série “RP Convida”, da revista Residência Pediátrica, conta com a participação da dra. Katia Brandt, membro do Departamento Científico de Aleitamento Materno da Sociedade Pernambucana de Pediatria (Sopepe).

Propuesta de protocolo de dispensación activa de antineoplásicos orales para pacientes de novo en un servicio de farmacia hospitalaria / Proposal of an active dispensation protocol of oral antineoplasics for newly diagnosed patients for an outpatient hospital pharmacy service

Introducción: La propuesta para elaboración de un protocolo de dispensación activa de antineoplási-cos orales para pacientes de novo responde a una necesidad detectada por el Servicio de Oncología y el Servicio de Farmacia de Consulta Externa y Urgencias del Hospital México. Actualmente los pacientes recién diagnosticados retiran los medica-mentos sin la dispensación activa por el farmacéu-tico, lo cual puede comprometer la adherencia al tratamiento. Objetivo: Proponer un protocolo de dispensación activa de antineoplásicos orales para pacientes de novo para la farmacia de consulta externa del Hospital México que le permita al personal farma-céutico brindar este servicio.Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre los cánceres de próstata, pulmón y mama. Se seleccionaron los medicamentos a incluir en el programa. Se elaboró un protocolo de dispensación activa y los materiales educativos dirigidos a los pacientes atendidos por el Servicio de Farmacia de Consulta Externa y Urgencias del Hospital México con prescripción de antineoplásicos orales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 antineoplásicos ora-les no contemplados en otros servicios de atención farmacéutica del Hospital México. Se desarrolló el procedimiento de dispensación activa según los lineamientos de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social para medicamentos de compra. Se elabora-ron 11 boletines educativos para pacientes. Conclusiones: El protocolo de dispensación activa de antineoplásicos orales propuesto permitirá que la farmacia de consulta externa del Hospital México brinde este servicio de forma estandarizada a los pacientes. (AU)

Introduction: New patients prescribed with oral an-tineoplasics do not receive any indications on how to take their treatments properly. The outpatient pharmacy service of the Hospital México is in need for a protocol for active dispensing of oral antineo-plasics to promote therapy adherence. Objective: The aim of this work was to propose an active dispensing protocol of oral antineoplasics for the outpatient pharmacy service of the Hospi-tal México that enables pharmacists to offer this service to patients. Method: A literature review was conducted on pul-monary, prostate and breast cancer, as well as on different pharmaceutical care programs to develop the active dispensing protocol and the information materials for patients. Results: 11 oral antineoplasics were included in the program. A protocol for active dispensing of oral antineoplasics was developed, according to the guidelines of the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Eleven patient information brochures were made. Conclusion: The active dispensing program of oral antineoplasics developed will allow the outpatient pharmacy service of the Hospital México to offer a standardize service to patients. (AU)

Comercio ilegal de medicamentos, problemática enfocada en puntos de distribución y destrucción: unidades de eliminación de medicamentos e insumos / Illegal trade in medicines, problems focused on points of distribution and destruction: units for the disposal of medicines and supplies

Introducción: La falsificación y/o adulteración de medicamentos es un problema de salud pública el cual cada día se ve más reflejado en el país; una forma de evitarlo ya sea en mínima escala, es la correcta utilización de las unidades de eliminación de medicamentos e insumos, ayudando así a una eficaz desnaturalización y destrucción de estos.Objetivo General:Reconocer la importancia de la prevención del comercio ilegal de medicamentos mediante la utilización de las unidades de eliminación de medicamentos e insumos, en las etapas de comercialización y destrucción del producto, en los municipios de Santiago de Cali, La Unión y Jamundí en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca.Objetivos Específicos:•Medir el grado de conocimiento de las unidades de eliminación de medicamentos e insumos en cuanto a su funcionalidad e impacto en la población de Santiago Cali y en el municipio de La Unión Valle.•Analizar la incidencia de hallazgos de medicamentos en el material de reciclaje y su nivel de comercialización en Santiago de Cali y Jamundí.Método:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo- comparativo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo que incluyó una muestra de 171 personas del municipio de Santiago de Cali y 89 personas en el municipio de La Unión Valle; una muestra de 21 recicladores del municipio de Santiago de Cali y 20 recicladores del municipio de Jamundí. El estudio fue realizado entre octubre y noviembre del 2022. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios validados, diligenciados uno de forma virtual (grupo A) y otro de forma presencial (grupo B), el cual fue desarrollado de forma voluntaria.Resultados: Respecto al grupo de personas encuestadas en el grupo A, 45 que equivalen al 26.3% del universo de la población encuestada en Cali tienen conocimiento de las unidades de eliminación de medicamentos e insumos, 126 personas que equivalen al 73.7% no tienen conocimiento acerca del mismo.(AU)

Introduction: Counterfeiting and/or adulteration of medicines is a public health problem which is increasingly reflected in the country; One way to avoid it, whether on a small scale, is the correct use of the blue dot, thus helping to effectively denature and destroy them.General Objective: Recognize the importance of preventing the illegal trade of medicines using the blue point, in the stages of commercialization and destruction of the product, in the municipalities of Santiago de Cali, La Unión and Jamundí in the Department of Valle del Cauca.Specific Objectives: Measure the degree of knowledge of the blue dot in terms of its functionality and impact on the population of Santiago Cali and the municipality of La Uniòn Valle.Analyze the incidence of drug display in recycling material and its level of commercialization in Santiago de Cali and Jamundi.Method: A descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted, with a quantitative approach that included a sample of 171 people from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and eighty-nine people from the municipality of La Union Valle, a sample of twenty-one recyclers from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and twenty recyclers from the municipality of Jamundí. The study was conducted between October and November 2022. Two validated questionnaires were used, one completed online (group A) and the other in person (group B), which was developed voluntarily.Results: Regarding the group of people surveyed in group A, 45, equivalent to 26.3% of the universe of the population surveyed in Cali, are aware of the blue dot, while 126 people, equivalent to 73.7%, are unaware of it. In Unión Valle, 14 people, equivalent to 15.7%, know about the blue dot, while 75 people, equivalent to 84.3%, are unaware of it.(AU)

Dies irae. Estado, ciencia y terratenientes ante plagas y enfermedades en Uruguay (1870-1900) / Dies Irae. State, science and landowners in the face of pests and diseases in uruguay (1870-1900)

La demanda europea de alimentos y materias primas procedentes de América Latina fue acompañada del tráfico de plantas y animales, del que resultó la difusión de enfermedades y plagas que afectaron a las personas, la producción y el comercio regional e internacional. Por otra parte, para atender esa demanda, los países latinoamericanos avanzaron en procesos de modernización que, en lo particular del agro, implicó la incorporación de los conocimientos científicos en la producción. El artículo se focaliza en la situación de Uruguay, donde los terratenientes innovadores organizados gremialmente, asumieron el desafío de transformar el agro y alcanzar una mejor inserción del país en el mercado mundial. Al respecto, se consideran algunos temas principales como el impacto de algunas enfermedades y plagas que afectaron a la producción agrícola y ganadera y la respuesta gremial ante esta situación crítica. Se realiza un seguimiento del rol del Estado, la incorporación de técnicos a la administración, las políticas preventivas adoptadas, y los primeros pasos en crear los recursos humanos para la investigación.(AU)

The European demand for food and raw materials from Latin America was accompanied by the trafficking of plants and animals, resulting in the spread of diseases and pests that affected people, production, and regional and international trade. On the other hand, to meet this demand, Latin American countries advanced in modernization processes that, in particular in agriculture, involved the incorporation of scientific knowledge in production. The article focuses on the situation in Uruguay, where innovative landowners organized in unions took on the challenge of transforming agriculture and achieving a better insertion of the country in the world market. In this regard, some main issues are considered, such as the impact of some diseases and pests that affected agricultural and livestock production and the union’s response to this critical situation. The role of the State, the incorporation of technicians to the administration, the preventive policies adopted, and the first steps in creating human resources for research are monitored.(AU)

What drives the intention to dispense ETC medications without prescription across community pharmacists in Can Tho city, Viet Nam? – A theory-based cross-sectional analysis

Objectives: To access determinants of the intent of providing ETC medicines in non-prescription settings in community pharmacists in Can Tho, Vietnam in 2021. Additionally, we aimed to create a new measurement scale of degrees of effect for each factor. Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted between June and October 2021. A self-administered questionnaire stemmed from the “Theory of Planned Behavior” (TPB), consisting of 24 statements on a 5-point Likert scale was mailed to targeted individuals. Exploratory factor analysis is the major instrument apart from the t-Test and ANOVA statistics. 120 pharmacy personnel working at 120 randomly chosen drugstores in Can Tho. Results: Subjective norms have been found to be the most influential factor, followed by perceived behavior controls, and positive attitudes toward the action of concern. TPB-based model is responsible for approximately 40% of the variance in the willingness to take action. Conclusion: It seems that community pharmacists’ decision toward prescription pharmaceuticals has not been academically attractive. Extra papers are necessary to understand the motives behind the execution of the behavior. (AU)

A strategy of providing outdoor medicine dispensing services for outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created dramatic challenges for healthcare systems around the world, including Taiwan. At the end of January 2022, there were 17,951 confirmed cases and 851 deaths nationwide, while the COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate in Taiwan was only 80.8%, making it hard to defend against the quick mutation of the virus, which gave rise to variants, such as Omicron. Objective(s): To safeguard the rights of patients to receive medicines in a safe way, we offered three new pharmaceutical services, including an outdoor medicine dispensing refillable prescription service, telemedicine, and a queue management system. The purpose of this article is to share our successful experience and to investigate the impact of outdoor pharmaceutical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In order to provide patients with an outdoor medicine dispensing refillable prescription service and telemedicine service, prior arrangement through a booking system was required. Patients could obtain a queue ticket through a multi-media intelligent serving machine or the counter. We also relocated one of our counters from the pharmacy department to the front lobby during the morning peak hours. Then we gave surveys via paper questionnaires in 2020 and Google Forms in 2021 to confirm that the services were helpful. Results: A total of 24,248 person-times were recorded for chronic disease patients with refillable prescriptions visiting our hospital in 2020, compared with 14,134 person-times in 2021. For the queue management system, the total number of person-times in 2020 was 26,670, which relieved about a quarter of the waiting outpatient burden. Furthermore, use of telemedicine totaled 3,369 person-times. A high proportion (over 90%) of patients reported being satisfied with these services. (AU)

Antibiotic prescribing and dispensing behavior among doctors and pharmacists working in UAE

Objectives: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of doctors and pharmacists on antibiotic use in a group of Thumbay healthcare facilities in the UAE. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey included a convenience sample of doctors and pharmacists at Thumbay-related hospitals and clinics. The survey was sent online and it has a section on knowledge, attitude, and practice-related to antibiotics and barriers and facilitators of good antibiotic use. Results: This survey included 61 participants (doctors (n=27) and pharmacists (n=34)) with the age ranging between 26 to 60 years (mean age=37). More than half of the respondents were female (55.4%). Most of the participants (89%) agree that of antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The majority of the participants agreed that antimicrobial stewardship programs can reduce antimicrobial resistance. Similarly, most of the participants feel confident about their knowledge and practice in the area of antimicrobial prescribing (81%), and they always or often (86.8%) use guidelines in their daily practice when prescribing or dispensing antibiotics. Similarly, 82% claimed that a policy that limits the prescribing of selected antibiotics to certain clinical indications via an approval process is introduced in their setting 82%. The top five cited barriers that hinder appropriate prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics include limited knowledge or confidence to discuss rational antibiotics use (72.1%), lack of incentives for appropriate prescribing or dispensing (68.9%), lack of interest by patients to receive counseling (68.9%), time limitations (62.3%) and presence of diagnostic uncertainties (62.3%). (AU)

Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la prescripción de fármacos en Atención Primaria / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prescription of drugs in Primary Care

Objetivo: la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha estresado el sistema sanitario y ha producido cambios en la organización de los centros de salud para atender a los pacientes con COVID-19. Como consecuencia, en la Atención Primaria se ha observado una disminución significativa en el seguimiento, control de los pacientes y en el diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar retrospectivamente el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los tratamientos farmacológicos en tres centros de salud de Atención Primaria urbanos.Métodos: se analizaron las prescripciones farmacológicas realizadas por médicos de familia entre 2017 y 2020. Se registró el número total de tratamientos y los inicios de tratamiento para diferentes grupos farmacológicos. Calculamos las tasas de incidencia anuales de los pacientes tratados y se comparó la ratio de incidencia de 2020 con la media de las ratios del período 2017-2019.Resultados: los grupos farmacológicos con mayor reducción en el porcentaje de pacientes tratados en 2020 en comparación con la media de 2017-2019 fueron los antibióticos (-8,5%), los antinflamatorios no esteroideos (-5,9%) y los antiulcerosos (-2,8%). Se observó una reducción significativa en las tasas de incidencia de 2020 en comparación con la media de 2017-2019 para todos los grupos farmacológicos analizados, excepto para los anticoagulantes orales y los antipsicóticos.Conclusiones: se ha observado una reducción en el consumo global de los fármacos. Se ha producido una disminución significativa en los inicios de tratamiento para la mayoría de grupos farmacológicos analizados.(AU)

Aim: the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has stressed the health system and led to changes in the organization of health centres to treat COVID-19 patients. As a consequence, in primary care a significant decline has been observed in the follow-up, monitoring of patients and diagnosis of chronic diseases. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug treatments in three urban primary healthcare centres.Methods: we analysed the pharmacological prescriptions issued by general practitioners between 2017 and 2020. We counted total number of treatments and new treatments for different pharmacological groups. We calculated the annual incidence rate of treated patients and compared incidence rate ratios in 2020 with the mean rate in 2017-2019.Results: the pharmacological groups with the greatest reduction in the percentage of patients treated in 2020 compared to the mean of 2017-2019 were antibiotics (-8.5%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (-5.9%) and anti-ulcer drugs (-2.8%). There was a significant decrease in incidence rates in 2020 compared to the mean of the 2017-2019 period for all pharmacological groups analysed, except for oral anticoagulants and antipsychotics.Conclusion: a decreased overall consumption of drugs was observed. There has been a significant decline in new patients commencing treatments in most pharmacological groups analysed.(AU)

Cuestionario específico para dispensación de Benzodiacepinas en Farmacia Comunitaria: justificación y diseño / Specific questionnaire for dispensing benzodiazepines in community pharmacy: Justification and design

Introducción: El estudio y análisis del uso prolongado de Benzodiacepinas (BZD) sigue siendo un objetivo estratégicopara todos los niveles asistenciales y en especial para la Atención Farmacéutica. Los cuestionarios como herramientade investigación científica proporcionan una escala de medición que permite evaluar y comparar individuos conparámetros de fiabilidad y validez. Objetivo: Diseñar un cuestionario de recogida de datos (CDR) que permita la personalización de la dispensación deBZD según las características de los usuarios. Método: Revisión bibliográfica de las evidencias científicas existentes con expertos en Atención Farmacéutica, diseñode la encuesta e implementación piloto (pre-testing) del CRD con usuarios de BZD, y depuración de los ítems y formatode éstos a incluir en el CDR final. Resultados: El CDR diseñado y distribuido en 8 dimensiones, abarca parámetros sociodemográficos, de conocimientode la medicación, el test de adherencia Morisky-Green, la mediación de calidad de vida por Euroqol 5D3L y escala visualEVA, el test de Pfeiffer para deterioro cognitivo, el test de dependencia a BZD, la opción de registro de la intervención farmacéutica realizada y aceptación de la misma por parte del usuario y el grado de satisfacción del paciente sobre laintervención. Conclusiones: El CDR es un innovador instrumento práctico transferible a la práctica asistencial que permite caracterizaral paciente usuario de BZD en el momento de la dispensación en la farmacia comunitaria permitiendo individualizar ysistematizar la intervención farmacéutica al tiempo que fomentar el uso seguro y eficaz de la BZD por parte del paciente.(AU)

Introduction: The study and analysis of the prolonged use of Benzodiazepines (BZD) remains a strategic objective forall levels of care and especially for Pharmaceutical Care. Questionnaires as a scientific research tool provide ameasurement scale that allows the evaluation and comparison of individuals with parameters of reliability and validity. Objective: To design a data collection questionnaire (CDR) that allows the personalization of BZD dispensing accordingto the characteristics of the usersMethods: Bibliographic review of existing scientific evidence with experts in Pharmaceutical Care, design of the surveyand pilot implementation (pre-testing) of the CRD with BZD users, and refinement of the items and their format to beincluded in the final CDR. Results: The CDR designed and distributed in 8 dimensions, covers socio-demographic parameters, knowledge ofmedication, the Morisky-Green adherence test, quality of life mediation by Euroqol 5D3L and EVA visual scale, the Pfeiffertest for cognitive impairment, the BZD dependence test, the option of recording the pharmaceutical intervention carriedout and its acceptance by the user and the degree of patient satisfaction with the interventionConclusions: The CDR is an innovative practical tool that can be transferred to healthcare practice, allowing the patientto characterize the BZD user at the time of dispensing in the community pharmacy, enabling the individualization andsystematization of the pharmaceutical intervention while promoting the safe and effective use of the BZD by the patient.(AU)

Marketing para la comercialización de servicios educativos. Un reto para la competitividad internacional / Marketing for the commercialization of educational services. A challenge for international competitiveness

Introducción: El comercio de servicios educativos se ha desarrollado a partir de la consideración de la educación como algo que se produce y se vende. Actualmente, las organizaciones de servicios, así como las educativas, solo perdurarán si compiten con éxito en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Objetivo: Propiciar la concientización de la importancia de hacer competitivos los servicios educativos con que cuenta el Sistema Nacional de Salud en Cuba. Posicionamiento del autor: es criterio del autor, que en los servicios educativos que se ofrecen, debe primar el interés social, ya sea los que se ofertan con carácter público como los que se comercializan, pero sin dejar de tomar en cuenta la eficiencia, racionalidad y flexibilidad. Lograr un balance adecuado que permita la comercialización sin dejar atrás los objetivos sociales de la educación. Conclusiones: En el trabajo se demuestra que es posible comercializar los servicios educativos de ciencias de la salud, más allá de las fronteras nacionales, con una estrategia de marketing de calidad que los haga competitivos en el escenario internacional(AU)

Introduction: Trade in educational services has developed from the consideration of education as something that is produced and sold. Today, service organizations, as well as educational organizations, will only endure if they compete successfully in domestic and international markets. Objective: To raise awareness of the importance of making competitive the educational services available to the National Health System in Cuba. Positioning of the author: It is the author's discretion that in the educational services offered, the social interest must prevail, whether those offered publicly or those that are commercialized, but without neglecting to take into account efficiency, rationality and flexibility. Achieve an adequate balance that allows commercialization without leaving behind the social objectives of education. Conclusions: The work shows that it is possible to commercialize educational services of health sciences, beyond national borders, with a quality marketing strategy that makes them competitive in the international scenario(AU)

As startups no contexto da organização capitalista financeira e as subjetividades empreendedoras / Startups in the context of financial capitalist organization and entrepreneurial subjectivities / Startups en el contexto de la organización capitalista financiera y subjetividades emprendedoras

As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)

Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)

Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)

Geração de renda para população em situação de rua: relato de experiência / Income generation for homeless people: an experience report / Generación de ingresos para la población en situación de calle: reporte de experiencia

Uma das demandas centrais das pessoas em situação de rua é a dificuldade de acesso a trabalho e renda, o que tanto pode levá-las a essa circunstância como dificultar sua saída das ruas. Nessa direção, em parceria com o Movimento Nacional da População em Situação de Rua em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (MNPR/RN), Brasil, realizamos projeto de extensão com os objetivos de fortalecer as ações de geração de renda para os militantes do referido movimento e para o movimento em si e de promover a organização coletiva e política dos militantes do MNPR/RN em torno da pauta trabalho. Baseamo-nos na Economia Solidária para elaborar ações de geração de renda e fortalecimento político, e na Psicologia Social do Trabalho para informar sobre as intervenções realizadas pela equipe extensionista. Como estratégia de ação, foram realizados cinco bazares solidários em 2019, os quais envolveram militantes do MNPR/RN e extensionistas em reuniões preparatórias, arrecadação de materiais e efetivação dos bazares. Avaliou-se que os bazares foram uma ótima estratégia para a arrecadação de fundos para o movimento e a geração de renda imediata para os militantes envolvidos, mas que não garantiram a médio e longo prazo a renda dessas pessoas. Também possibilitaram o fortalecimento da autonomia, da participação ativa como trabalhadores e trabalhadoras e do aprendizado mútuo sobre princípios da Economia Solidária.(AU)

One of the main demands of people living on the streets is the difficulty in accessing work and income, which can either lead them to this circumstance or make it difficult for them to leave the streets. In this direction, in partnership with the National Movement of Homeless Population in Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Movimento Nacional População de Rua - MNPR/RN), we carried out an extension project with the objectives of strengthening the actions to generate income for the militants of the referred movement and for the movement itself and to promote the collective and political organization of the MNPR/RN militants around the work agenda. We start with the Solidarity Economy for the elaboration of actions to generate income and political strengthening, and from the Social Psychology of Work to inform about the interventions carried out by the extension team. As an action strategy, five solidarity bazaars were held in 2019, involving MNPR/RN militants and extension workers in preparatory meetings, collection of materials, and holding the bazaars. The bazaars were considered an excellent strategy for raising funds for the movement and generating immediate income for the activists involved, but that they could not guarantee the income of these people in the medium and long term. It also allowed for the strengthening of autonomy, active participation as a female or male worker, and mutual learning on the principles of Solidarity Economy.(AU)

Una de las principales demandas de las personas en situación de calle es la dificultad para acceder al trabajo y a los ingresos, lo que puede llevarlos a esta situación o dificultarles su salida de la calle. En este sentido, en colaboración con el Movimiento Nacional de Población en Situación de Calle en Natal/RN (MNPR/RN), realizamos un proyecto de extensión con los objetivos de fortalecer las acciones de generación de ingresos para los activistas del referido movimiento y para el movimiento en sí y de promover la organización colectiva y política de los activistas del MNPR/RN en torno a las normas del trabajo. Partimos de la economía solidaria para desarrollar acciones de generación de ingresos y de fortalecimiento político, y desde la Psicología Social del Trabajo para informar de las intervenciones que realiza el equipo de extensión. Como estrategia de acción, en el 2019 se realizaron cinco ferias solidarias, en las cuales participaron activistas y grupos de extensión del MNPR/RN en reuniones preparatorias, recolección de materiales y realización de las ferias. Se consideró que las ferias son una excelente estrategia para recaudar fondos para el movimiento y generar ingresos inmediatos para los activistas involucrados, pero no pueden garantizar los ingresos de estas personas a mediano y largo plazo. También permiten fortalecer la autonomía, la participación activa como trabajador y trabajadora, y el aprendizaje mutuo sobre los principios de la economía solidaria.(AU)

Análisis y evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular y gastrointestinal de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos inhibidores selectivos y no selectivos de ciclooxigenasa / Comparative legal framework for the dispensing of medicinal products in pharmacies in the different member states of the European Union

La dispensación es el acto llevado a cabo por un farmacéutico o bajo su supervisión, destinado a garantizar que los pacientes reciban los medicamentos en las dosis precisas según sus requerimientos individuales, durante el periodo de tiempo adecuado, con la información para su correcto uso, y de acuerdo con la normativa vigente. Con el fin de comprender este acto se ha analizado previamente el concepto de medicamento, los estudios que debe cursar un farmacéutico, y la regulación de los conceptos de ordenación farmacéutica, así como de las oficinas de farmacia en la Unión Europea, con el objetivo final, de comparar el acto de dispensación en cada uno de países de la Unión Europea.Para realizar dicha comparación, se ha traducido, analizado e interpretado cada una de las normas que afectan directamente al acto de dispensación de medicamentos en cada Estado miembro. Los aspectos que se han investigado son: la obligatoriedad de presencia de un farmacéutico en la oficina de farmacia; la venta de medicamentos en establecimientos distintos de las oficinas de farmacia; la capacidad de sustitución de aquellos medicamentos sujetos a prescripción médica por el farmacéutico; y, la regulación de la venta online de medicamentos sujetos a prescripción médica. Si bien es cierto que se ha concluido que la presencia del farmacéutico es obligatoria en el 99% de los países, no se ha encontrado una armonía total en la normativa del resto de parámetros objeto de comparación en el presente trabajo de investigación. (AU)

Dispensing is the act carried out by a pharmacist or under his supervision, aimed at ensuring that patients receive the medicines in the precise doses according to their individual requirements, for the appropriate period, with the information for their correct use, and in accordance with current regulations. To understand this act, the concept of medicine, the studies that a pharmacist must take, the regulation of the concepts of pharmaceutical management, as well as the pharmacy offices in the European Union have been previously analyzed. Finally, compare the act of dispensing in each of the countries of the European Union.To make that comparison, each of the rules directly affecting the act of dispensing medicinal products in each Member State has been translated, analysed and interpreted. The aspects that have been investigated have been: the obligatory presence of a pharmacist in the pharmacy office; the sale of medicinal products in establishments other than pharmacies; the ability to replace those medicinal products subject to medical prescription by the pharmacist; and, the regulation of the online sale of medicines subject to medical prescription. Although it is true that it has been concluded that the presence of the pharmacist is mandatory in 99% of the countries, no total harmony has been found in the regulations of the rest of the parameters subject to comparison in this research work. (AU)

Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas / Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity

Hasaan, A., y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en la cancha, actividades fuera de la cancha y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos de la carrera del atleta. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta y que ocurren debido a la naturaleza de esta.

Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.

Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.

Impact of automated drug dispensing system on patient safety

Objectives: Automated drug dispensing system (ADDs) is an emerging technology positively impacts drug dispensing efficiency by minimizing medication errors. However, the pharmacist perception of the impact of ADDs on patient safety is not well-established. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to evaluate the dispensing practice and pharmacist perception of ADDs towards patient safety through a validated questionnaire. Methods: A selfdesigned questionnaire was validated and the pharmacist perception of dispensing practice was compared between two hospitals adopting ADDs and traditional drug dispensing system (TDDs). Results: The developed questionnaire had an excellent internal consistency (both Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω coefficients were >0.9). Factor analysis retained three significant factors (subscales) that explained pharmacist perception of dispensing system, dispensing practice, and patient counseling (p<0.001 for each factor). The average number of prescriptions dispensed per day, drugs contained in each prescription, average time for labeling each prescription and inventory management were significantly varied between ADDs and TDDs (p=0.027, 0.013 0.044 and 0.004, respectively). The perception of pharmacists using ADDs on three domains were higher than the TDDs. The pharmacists in ADDs agreed that they had enough time to review the medications before dispensing than TDDs and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.028). Conclusions: ADDs was highly effective in improving dispensing practice and medication review; however, the pharmacists need to emphasize the importance of ADDs to translate the pharmacists’ freed-time towards patient care. (AU)